National Instruments PCI-4451 Manuale Utente

DAQPCI-4451/4452 User ManualDynamic Signal Acquisition Device for PCIApril 1998 EditionPart Number 321891A-01User.book Page 1 Tuesday, April 14, 199

About This Manual© National Instruments Corporation xi PCI-4451/4452 User ManualNational Instruments DocumentationThe PCI-4451/4452 User Manual is one

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-12© National Instruments CorporationMm metersM (1) Mega, the standard metric prefix for 1 million or 106, when use

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-13 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualnonreferenced signal sourcessignal sources with voltage signals that are not

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-14© National Instruments Corporationpeak to peak a measure of signal amplitude; the difference between the highest

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-15 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualRreal time a property of an event or system in which data is processed as it

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-16© National Instruments Corporationsample counter the clock that counts the output of the channel clock, in other

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-17 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualSTC system timing controllerswitchless device devices that do not require dip

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-18© National Instruments Corporationtrigger any event that causes or starts some form of data captureTTL transisto

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-19 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualWwaveform multiple voltage readings taken at a specific sampling rateWFTRIGwo

© National Instruments Corporation I-1 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualIndexNumbers+5 V signalanalog I/O pin assignments (table), 4-3analog I/O signal summar

IndexPCI-4451/4452 User Manual I-2© National Instruments Corporationoutput mode, 3-5output polarity and range, 3-5 to 3-6signal connectionsanalog outp

© National Instruments Corporation 1-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual1IntroductionThis chapter describes the PCI-4451 and PCI-4452 devices, lists what you

Index© National Instruments Corporation I-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualconfigurationdevice configuration, 2-2effect of sampling and update rates, 3-13co

IndexPCI-4451/4452 User Manual I-4© National Instruments Corporationrelated documentation, xidynamic characteristic specificationsanalog input, A-4 to

Index© National Instruments Corporation I-5 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualII/O connectors, 4-1 to 4-8developing cable connectors, 1-5exceeding maximum rati

IndexPCI-4451/4452 User Manual I-6© National Instruments CorporationPFI1/TRIG2 (PRETRIG) signaldigital I/O pin assignments (table), 4-6digital I/O sig

Index© National Instruments Corporation I-7 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualanalog I/O signal summary (table), 4-4digital I/O pin assignments (table), 4-6 to

IndexPCI-4451/4452 User Manual I-8© National Instruments Corporationtiming connections, 4-14 to 4-24acquisition timing connections, 4-15 to 4-18CONVER

Chapter 1 IntroductionPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 1-2© National Instruments CorporationWhat You Need to Get StartedTo set up and use your PCI-4451 or PC

Chapter 1 Introduction© National Instruments Corporation 1-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualSoftware Programming ChoicesThere are several options to choose

Chapter 1 IntroductionPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 1-4© National Instruments Corporationapplication you can use to make measurements as you would with a

Chapter 1 Introduction© National Instruments Corporation 1-5 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual• To create your own accessories, you can use an AMP 68-pin righ

© National Instruments Corporation 2-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual2Installation and Configuration This chapter explains how to install and configure you

Chapter 2 Installation and ConfigurationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 2-2© National Instruments Corporation7. Check the installation.8. Replace the cover.

© National Instruments Corporation 3-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual3Hardware Overview This chapter presents an overview of the hardware functions on your

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-2© National Instruments CorporationFigure 3-2. Analog Function Block DiagramAC/DCCouplingMUX0I

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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAnalog InputThe analog input section of each PCI-4451/4452

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-4© National Instruments CorporationAll data read from the ADC is interpreted as two’s complemen

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-5 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualCaution If you exceed the rated input voltages, you can dam

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-6© National Instruments CorporationNote The device boots in a mode with the outputs disabled AN

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-7 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualyou can configure the analog input section to acquire a giv

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-8© National Instruments CorporationIn above-high-level triggering mode, the trigger is generate

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-9 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualIn low-hysteresis triggering mode, the trigger is generated

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-10© National Instruments CorporationFigure 3-8. RTSI Bus Signal ConnectionRefer to the Chapter

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-11 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualTiming Signal RoutingThe DAQ-STC provides a flexible inter

Chapter 3 Hardware OverviewPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-12© National Instruments CorporationA PCI-4451/4452 device can use either its internal 20 MHz t

Important InformationWarrantyThe PCI-4451/4452 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of sh

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview© National Instruments Corporation 3-13 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualDevice Configuration IssuesSelecting a sample rate that is

© National Instruments Corporation 4-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual4Signal Connections This chapter describes how to make input and output connections to

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-2© National Instruments CorporationAnalog I/O Connector Signal DescriptionsFigure 4-1 shows th

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualTable 4-1. Analog I/O Connector Pin AssignmentSignal Name

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-4© National Instruments CorporationTable 4-2. Analog I/O Signal SummarySignal NameSignal Type

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-5 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualDigital I/O Connector Signal DescriptionsFigure 4-2 shows

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-6© National Instruments CorporationTable 4-3. Digital I/O Connector Pin AssignmentSignal Name

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-7 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualGPCTR1_OUT DGND Output General-Purpose Counter 1 OutputPFI

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-8© National Instruments CorporationTable 4-4. Digital I/O Signal SummarySignal NameSignal Typ

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-9 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAnalog Input Signal ConnectionsThe analog input signals fo

© National Instruments Corporation v PCI-4451/4452 User ManualContentsAbout This ManualOrganization of This Manual...

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-10© National Instruments Corporationamplifier output voltage is referenced to the ground for t

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-11 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAnalog Output Signal ConnectionsThe analog output signals

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-12© National Instruments Corporationterminals is still equal to the desired signal. If the min

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-13 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualFigure 4-5 shows signal connections for three typical dig

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-14© National Instruments CorporationDigital Power ConnectionsFour pins on the digital I/O conn

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-15 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAs an input, you can individually configure each PFI for

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-16© National Instruments CorporationPretriggered data acquisition allows you to view data that

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-17 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualPFI1/TRIG2 (PRETRIG) SignalAny PFI pin can externally inp

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-18© National Instruments CorporationEXTSTROBE* SignalEXTSTROBE* is an output-only signal that

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-19 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualGeneral-Purpose Timing Signal ConnectionsThe general-purp

ContentsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual vi© National Instruments CorporationDevice and RTSI Clocks...

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-20© National Instruments CorporationGPCTR0_GATE SignalAny PFI pin can externally input the GPC

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-21 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualGPCTR1_SOURCE SignalAny PFI pin can externally input the

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-22© National Instruments CorporationAs an output, the GPCTR1_GATE signal monitors the actual g

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-23 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualFigure 4-13. GPCTR Timing SummaryThe GATE and OUT signal

Chapter 4 Signal ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-24© National Instruments CorporationThe OUT output timing parameters are referenced to the sig

Chapter 4 Signal Connections© National Instruments Corporation 4-25 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualThe following recommendations apply for all signal connec

© National Instruments Corporation 5-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual5CalibrationThis chapter discusses the calibration procedures for your PCI-4451/4452 d

Chapter 5 CalibrationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 5-2© National Instruments Corporationnot very accurate because it does not take into account the fact t

Chapter 5 Calibration© National Instruments Corporation 5-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualyou can save the results in the EEPROM, so you should not have to

© National Instruments Corporation 6-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual6Theory of Analog OperationThis chapter contains a functional overview and explains th

Contents© National Instruments Corporation vii PCI-4451/4452 User ManualChapter 5CalibrationLoading Calibration Constants ...

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-2© National Instruments CorporationThe 90 dB dynamic range of the PCI-4451/4452 device

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAntialias FilteringA sampling system (such as an A

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-4© National Instruments Corporationhas an extremely flat frequency response in the ban

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-5 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualFigure 6-1. Input Frequency ResponseAmplitude (dB

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-6© National Instruments CorporationFigure 6-2. Input Frequency Response Near the Cuto

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-7 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualversus sample rate is illustrated in Figure 6-3. F

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-8© National Instruments CorporationFigure 6-4. Comparison of a Clipped Signal to a Pr

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-9 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualThe resulting output of the filter is a band-limit

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-10© National Instruments CorporationAnalog Output CircuitryThe PCI-4451 has two analog

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-11 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualof eight times the sample rate, as shown in Figur

ContentsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual viii© National Instruments CorporationFiguresFigure 3-1. Digital Function Block Diagram...

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog OperationPCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-12© National Instruments CorporationThe DACThe 64-times oversampling delta-sigma DACs

Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation© National Instruments Corporation 6-13 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualMute FeatureThe two-channel DAC chip on the PCI-4

© National Instruments Corporation A-1 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualASpecificationsThis appendix lists the specifications of the PCI-4451/4452. These spec

Appendix A SpecificationsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-2© National Instruments CorporationFIFO buffer size...512 samp

Appendix A Specifications© National Instruments Corporation A-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAmplifier CharacteristicsInput impedance...

Appendix A SpecificationsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-4© National Instruments CorporationFigure A-1. Idle Channel Noise (Typical)Input noise spectral

Appendix A Specifications© National Instruments Corporation A-5 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualPhase linearity... ±1°,

Appendix A SpecificationsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-6© National Instruments CorporationOutput signal range, software-selectableFIFO buffer size...

Appendix A Specifications© National Instruments Corporation A-7 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualDynamic CharacteristicsImage-free bandwidth ...

Appendix A SpecificationsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-8© National Instruments CorporationDigital logic levelsPower-on state ...

© National Instruments Corporation ix PCI-4451/4452 User ManualAbout This ManualThis manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the PCI

Appendix A Specifications© National Instruments Corporation A-9 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualDMA modes... Scatter

Appendix A SpecificationsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-10© National Instruments CorporationAvailable power...+4.65 to

© National Instruments Corporation B-1 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualBPin ConnectionsThis appendix describes the pin connections on the optional 68-pin dig

Appendix B Pin ConnectionsPCI-4451/4452 User Manual B-2© National Instruments CorporationFigure B-1. 68-Pin Digital Connector for any Digital Accesso

© National Instruments Corporation C-1 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualCCustomer CommunicationFor your convenience, this appendix contains forms to help you

PCI-4451/4452 User Manual C-2© National Instruments CorporationFax-on-Demand SupportFax-on-Demand is a 24-hour information retrieval system containing

Technical Support FormPhotocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware, and use the completed copy of this fo

PCI-4451/4452 Hardware and Software Configuration FormRecord the settings and revisions of your hardware and software on the line to the right of each

Documentation Comment FormNational Instruments encourages you to comment on the documentation supplied with our products. This information helps us pr

© National Instruments Corporation G-1 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualGlossaryPrefix Meanings Valuep- pico 10–12n- nano- 10–9µ- micro- 10–6m- milli- 10–3k-

About This ManualPCI-4451/4452 User Manual x© National Instruments Corporation•The Glossary contains an alphabetical list and description of terms use

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-2© National Instruments CorporationADC analog-to-digital converter—an electronic device, often an integrated circu

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-3 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualBb bit—one binary digit, either 0 or 1B byte—eight related bits of data, an ei

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-4© National Instruments Corporationclip clipping occurs when an input signal exceeds the input range of the amplif

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-5 PCI-4451/4452 User Manualcurrent drive capability the amount of current a digital or analog output chan

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-6© National Instruments Corporationdelta-sigma modulating ADCa high-accuracy circuit that samples at a higher rate

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-7 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualEEEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory—ROM that can be er

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-8© National Instruments Corporationfiltering a type of signal conditioning that allows you to attenuate unwanted p

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-9 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualHh hourhalf-power bandwidth the frequency range over which a circuit maintains

GlossaryPCI-4451/4452 User Manual G-10© National Instruments Corporationinput impedance the measured resistance and capacitance between the input term

Glossary© National Instruments Corporation G-11 PCI-4451/4452 User ManualKk kilo—the standard metric prefix for 1,000, or 103, used with units of meas